Abordagem do Doente Com Hiponatremia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24950/rspmi.r.199.4.2021Palavras-chave:
Hiponatremia/diagnóstico; Hiponatremia/epidemiologia; Hiponatremia/tratamentoResumo
A hiponatremia é o distúrbio de eletrólitos mais comum na prática clínica. Habitualmente, traduz um ou mais processos patológicos intercorrentes, e encontra-se associada a elevada mortalidade e morbilidade caso não se proceda ao diagnóstico e tratamento apropriados. O primeiro passo na abordagem do doente com hiponatremia é a classificação da gravidade dos sintomas que determina a urgência da intervenção terapêutica. Por um lado, na hiponatremia gravemente sintomática deve ser administrada, imediatamente, solução salina hipertónica. Por outro, nos doentes com hiponatremia assintomática ou moderadamente sintomática devem ser investigadas e removidas/tratadas as possíveis causas associadas, antes de qualquer outra intervenção terapêutica. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir e melhorar a abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica da hiponatremia, segundo as orientações mais atuais.
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