Hemorragia digestiva alta por rotura de varizes esofágicas

Autores

  • José Presa Assistente Hospitalar de Medicina Interna, Serviço de Medicina e Cirurgia Hospital de S. Pedro, Vila Rea
  • Fernando Próspero Assistente Graduado de Cirurgia Serviço de Medicina e Cirurgia, Hospital de S. Pedro, Vila Real

Palavras-chave:

Hipertensão Portal, varizes esofágicas, cirrose hepática

Resumo

.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

Bosch J, Navasa M, Garcia-Pagán JC et al. Portal hypertension. Med Clin North Am 1989; 73: 931-953.

Pagliaro L, D' Amico G, Pasta L, et al: Portal hypertension in cirrhosis: Natural history. In: Bosch, J., Grozmann, R.J. (Eds). Portal hypertension. Pathophysiology and treatment. Blackwell, Oxford 1994; 72-92.

Lebrec D, DeFleury P, Rueff B, et al: Portal hypertension, size of esophageal varices and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in alcoholic cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1980; 79: 1139-1144.

Viallet A, Marleau D, Huet M, et al: Hemodynamic evaluation of patients with intrahepatic portal hypertension: relationship between bleeding varices and the portohepatic gradient. Gastroenterology 1975; 69: 1297-1300.

North Italian Endoscopic Club for the study and Treatment of esophageal Varices. Prediction of the first variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices. A prospective multicenter study. N Engl J Med 1988; 319:1401-1407.

Bosch J, García-Pagán JC: Hipertension Portal. In: Rodés J, Valenzuela J, editores. Gastroenterologia y Hepatologia 2. Santiago-Chile: Mediterraneo, 1997; 652.

Burroughts AK, McCormik PA. Natural history and prognosis of variceal bleeding. Bailliere' s Clinical Gastroenterology 1992;6:437-450.

Schlichting P, Christensen E, Faurholdt L et al. Main causes of death in cirrhosis. Scan J Gastroenterol 1983; 18: 881-888.

Rodés J, Chantar C. Editores. Actualidades en Gastroenterología y Hepatologia.Barcelona : Prous,1996.

Bosch J, Terés J. Immediate management of variceal hemorrhage. Pharmacological measures and balloon tamponade. Gastrointest Endosc Clin North Am 1992; 2: 43-58.

Bosch J, Bruix J, Mas A et al. Rolling review: the treatment of major complications of cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994; 8: 639-657.

McCormik PA, Jenkins SA, McIntyre N, et al. Why portal hypertensive varices bled: A hypothesis. Gut 1995; 36: 100-103.

Panés J, Casadevall M, Piqué J et al. Effects of acute normovolemia on gastric mucosal blood flow in rats: Role of nitric oxide. Gastroenterology 1992;103: 407-413.

Feu F, D'Amico G, Bosch J. The acute bleeding episode: Advances in drug therapy. In: Arroyo V, Bosch J, Rodés J, editors. Treatments in hepatology. Barcelona: Masson 1995; 9-22.

Rimola A. Infecciones bacterianas en la enfermedad hepática. In: Rodés J,Benhamou JP, Bircher J et al, editors. Tratado de hepatologia clínica. Barcelona:Masson-Salvat Medicina, 1993; 1503-1515.

Soriano C, Guarner C, Tomás A et al. Norfloxacin prevents bacterial infection in cirrhotics with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology 1992;103:1267-1272.

Rimola A, Garcia-Tsao G, Navasa M, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document. International Ascitis Club. J Hepatol 2000;32:142-153.

Burroughs AK, Bosch J. Manifestaciones clínicas y tratamiento de los episódios hemorrágicos en los pacientes cirróticos. In: Rodés J, Benhamou JP et al editors. Tratado de hepatologia clínica. Barcelona: Masson-Salvat Medicina 1993; 481-502.

Grozmann RJ, Kravetz D, Bosch J et al. Nitroglycerine improves the hemodynamic response to vasopressin in portal hypertension. Hepatology 1982; 2:757-762.

Soderlund C, Magnusson L, Torngren S et al. Terlipressin (triglycyl-lysine vasopressin) controls acute bleeding oesophageal varices. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 1990; 25:622-639.

Bosch J, Kravetz D, Rodés J. Effects of somatostatin on hepatic and systemichemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis of the liver: Comparison with vasopressin. Gastroenterology 1981; 80:518-525.

McKee R: A study of octreotide in oesophageal varices. Digestion 1990; 45: 60-65.

Primignani M, Nolte A, Vazzoler MC et al. The effect of octreotide on intraoesophageal variceal pressure in liver cirrhosis is unpredictable. Hepatology 1990; 12: 989.

Escorsell A, Bandi JC, François E et al. Desensitation of the effects of intravenous octreotide in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. Hepatology 1996; 24: 207.

Burroughs AK, Patch D. Drug therapy: Comparison with other therapies for portal hypertension. In: Arroyo V, Bosch J, Rodés J, editors. Treatments in hepatology. Barcelona: Masson 1995; 44-49.

Groszmann R, de Franchis R. Portal Hypertension. In: Schiff E, Sorrell M, Maddrey W, eds. Diseases of the liver. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven 1999:419.

Haddock G, Garden O, Mckee R, et al. Esophageal tamponade in the management of acute variceal hemorrage. Dig Dis Sci 1989;24:913.

Brewer TG: Treatment of acute gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage. Med Clin North Am 1993; 77: 993.

Graham DY, Smith JL. The course of patients after variceal hemorrhage.Gastroenterology 1981;80:800.

De Franchis R. Developing consensus in portal hypertension. J Hepatol 1996;25:390-394.

D'Amico G, Pagliaro L, Bosch J: The treatment of portal hypertension: A metaanalytic review. Hepatology 1995; 22:332.

Gostout GJ, Wang KK, Alquist DA et al. Acute bleeding: Experience of a specialized management team. J Clin Gastroenterolol 1992; 14:260.

Jensen DM, Kovacs TO, Randall GM et al. Initial results of a randomized study of emergency banding vs. sclerotherapy for bleeding gastric or esophageal varices[abstract]. Gastrointest Endosc 1993; 39:279.

Laine L, El-Newihi HE, Migikovsky B et al. Endoscopic ligation compared with sclerotherapy for treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119:1.

Laine L, Cook D. Endoscopic ligation compared with sclerotherapy for treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding: A meta-analyis. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:280.

Eck N. Citado por Child C.G. Eck's fistula. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1953;96:375.

Hahn M, Massen M, Nencki M, Pavlov J. Die Eck sche fistel zwischen der unteren hohlvene und der pfotadund ihre folgen fur den organismus. Arch Exper Pathol Pharmolol 1893;32:162-210.

Whipple A. The problem of portal hypertension in relation to hepatoesplenopathies. Ann Surg 1945;122:449-475.

Warren W, Zeppa R, JJ F. Selective transplenic descompression of gastroesophageal varices by distal splenorenal shunt. Ann Surg 1967;166:437-455

Starzl TE, Demetrius AS, Van Thiel D. Liver transplantation (1). New Engl J Med 1989;321:1014-1022.

Grace N, Conn H, Resnick YC. Distal splenorenal versus portal systemic shunts after haemorrhage from varices: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatology1988;8:1475.

Starzl T, Francavilla A, Halgrimson C. The origin, hormonol nature and action of hepatotrophic substances in portal venous blood. Surg Gynecol Obstet1973;137:179.

Conn H. Therapeutic portocaval anastomosis: to shunt or not to shunt.Gastroenterology 1974;67:1065.

Resnick R, Iber F, Ishihara A. A controlled study of the therapeutic portocaval shunt. Gastroenterology 1974;67:843.

Rueff B, Prandi D, Degos F. A controlled study of therapeutic portocaval shunt in alcoholic cirrhosis. Lancet 1976;1:655.

Henderson J, Warren W, Millikan W. Distal splenorenal shunt with splenopancreatic disconection. A 4-year assessment. Ann Surg 1989;210:332-341.

Rikkers L, Sorrel T, Gongliang J. Which portosystemic shunt is best? Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1992;21:179.

Millikan W, Warren W, Henderson J. The Emory prospective randomized trial:selective versus nonselective shunt to control variceal bleeding. Ten- year follow-up. Ann Surg 1985;201:712-722.

Da Silva L, Strauss E, Gayotto L. A randomized trial for elective surgical treatment of portal hypertension in mansioma squistosomiasis. Ann Surg 1986;204:148.

Spina G, Henderson J, Rikkers L. Distal splenorenal shunt versus endoscopic sclerotherapy in prevention of variceal rebleeding: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Hepatol 1992;16:338.

Pera C, Visa J. La anastomosis esplenorrenal selectiva modificada para la via posterior retroperitoneal. Técnica y primeros resultados. Rev Quir Esp 1977;4:81-89.

Lacy A, Navasa M, Gilabert R. Long-term effects of distal splenorenal shunt on hepatic hemodynamics and liver function in patients with cirrhosis: importance of reversal of portal blood flow. Hepatology 1992;15:616.

Maillard J, Flamant Y, Hay J, Chandler J. Selectivity of the distal splenorenal shunt. Surgery 1979;86:663-671.

Widrich W, Robbins A, Johnson W. Long-term follow-up of distal splenorenal shunts:evaluation by arterigraphy, shuntography, transhepatic portal venography and cinefluorography. Radiology 1980; 134:341-345.

Stipa S, Ziparo V, Fabrini G, Lupino R. A randomized controlled trial of mesentericocaval shunt with autologous jugular vein. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1981;153:353.

Sarfeh I, Eb R, Fardi M et al. Clinical implications of portal hemodynamics after small-diameter portocaval H graft. Surgery 1984;96:223.

Sugiura M, Futagawa S. A new technique for treating esophageal varices. J Thorac Cardivasc Surg 1973;66(5):677-685.

Starzl T, Marchioro T, Von Kaulla K, Hermann G, Brittain R, Waddell W.Homotransplantation of the liver in humans. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1963;117:659.

Henderson J, Gilmore G, Hooks M. Selective shunt in the management of variceal bleeding in the era of liver transplantation. Ann Surg 1992;216:248.

Ringe B, Lang H, Tusch G, Pichlmayr R. Role of liver transplantation in management of esophageal variceal haemorrhage. World J Surg 1994;18:233-239.

Shiffman ML, Jeffers L, Hoofnagle JH et al. The role of TIPS for the treatment of portal hypertension and its complications: A conference sponsored by the National Digestive Diseases Advisory Board. Hepatology 1995; 22:1591.

Cello JP, Grendell JH, Crass RA et al. Endoscopic sclerotherapy versus portocaval shunt in patients with severe cirrhosis and variceal hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 1589.

Warren WD, Millikan WJ, Henderson JM et al. Ten years of portal hypertensive surgery at Emory: Results and new perspectives. Ann Surg 1982; 195: 530.

Freedman AM, Sanyal AJ, Tisnado J et al. Complications of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a comprehensive review. Radiographics 1993; 13: 1185.

Haskal ZL, Pentecost MJ, Rubin RA. Hepatic arterial injury after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement: Report of two cases. Radiology 1993, 188: 85.

Azoulay D, Castaing D, Dennison A et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt worsens the hyperdynamic circulatory state of the cirrhotic patient: Preliminary report of a prospective study. Hepatoloy 1994; 19:129.

Rodriguez-Laiz JM, Banares R, Echenagusia A et al. Effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt on splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics and hepatic function in patients with portal hypertension: Preliminary results. Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40:2121.

Van der Linden P, Le Moine O, Ghysels M et al. Pulmonary hypertension after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: Effects on right ventricular function. Hepatology 1996; 23:982.

Freedman AM, Sanyal AJ, Tisnado J et al. Results with percutaneous transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunts for control of variceal hemorrhage in patients awaiting liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1993; 25: 1087.

Rossle M, Haag K, Ochs A et al. The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stentshunt procedures for variceal bleeding. N Engl J Med 1994;330:165.

Sanyal AJ, Freedman AM, Shiffman ML et al. Portosystemic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: Results of a prospective controlled study. Hepatology 1994; 20:46.

Riggio O, Merli M, Pedretti G et al. Hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: Incidence and risk factors. Dig Dis Sci 1996; 41:578

Ficheiros Adicionais

Publicado

30-09-2002

Como Citar

1.
Presa J, Próspero F. Hemorragia digestiva alta por rotura de varizes esofágicas. RPMI [Internet]. 30 de Setembro de 2002 [citado 6 de Outubro de 2024];9(3). Disponível em: https://revista.spmi.pt/index.php/rpmi/article/view/1860

Edição

Secção

Artigos de Revisão

Artigos mais lidos do(s) mesmo(s) autor(es)