Educating for Doubt: Ethics and Intellectual Honesty

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24950/rspmi.2864

Keywords:

Decision Making, Education, Medical, Uncertainty

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Ilgen JS, Dhaliwal G. Educational strategies to prepare trainees for clinical uncertainty. N Engl J Med. 2025; 393:1624-32. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2408797

2. Beresford EB. Uncertainty and the shaping of medical decisions. Hastings Cent Rep. 1991; 21:6-11. doi: 10.2307/3562993

3. Hillen MA, Gutheil CM, Strout TD, Smets EMA, Han PK. Tolerance of uncertainty: conceptual analysis, integrative model, and implications for healthcare. Soc Sci Med. 2017;180:62-75. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.024

4. Simpkin AL, Khan A, West DC, Garcia BM, Sectish TC, Spector ND, et al. Stress from uncertainty and resilience among depressed and burned out residents: a cross-sectional study. Acad Pediatr. 2018; 18:698-704. doi:10.1016/j.acap.2018.03.002

5. Kaba R, Sooriakumaran P. The evolution of the doctor-patient relationship. Int J Surg. 2007; 5:57-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2006.01.005

6. Bhise V, Meyer AND, Menon S, Singhal G, Street RL, Giardina TD, et al. Patient perspectives on how physicians communicate diagnostic uncertainty: an experimental vignette study. Int J Qual Health Care. 2018; 30:2-8. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzx170

7. Simpkin AL, Armstrong KA. Communicating uncertainty: a narrative review and framework for future research. J Gen Intern Med. 2019; 34:2586-91. doi: 10.1007/s11606-019-04860-8

8. Croskerry P. From mindless to mindful practice -- cognitive bias and clinical decision making. N Engl J Med. 2013; 368:2445-8. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1303712

9. Stolper E, Van Bokhoven M, Houben P, Van Royen P, van de Wiel M, van der Weijden T, et al. The diagnostic role of gut feelings in general practice. A focus group study of the concept and its determinants. BMC Fam Pract. 2009;10:17. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-10-17

10. Norman GR, Monteiro SD, Sherbino J, Ilgen JS, Schmidt HG, Mamede S. The causes of errors in clinical reasoning: cognitive biases, knowledge deficits, and dual process thinking. Acad Med. 2017; 92:23-30. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001421

Downloads

Published

2026-06-23

How to Cite

1.
Santos N. Educating for Doubt: Ethics and Intellectual Honesty. RPMI [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 23 [cited 2026 Jun. 23];33(1):9-10. Available from: https://revista.spmi.pt/index.php/rpmi/article/view/2864

Issue

Section

Editorial

Categories