Alcoholic myocardiopathy – the clinical significance and prognosis

Authors

  • Ana Moura Gonçalves Interna do Internato complementar de Medicina Interna, Serviço de Medicina I – Sector C do Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa
  • Ana Margarida Correia Interna do Internato complementar de Medicina Interna, Serviço de Medicina I – Sector C do Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa
  • L. Menezes Falcão Assistente Hospitalar Graduado do Hospital de Santa Maria, Cardiologista; Professor Auxiliar da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa
  • A. Luciano Ravara Professor Catedrático da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa; Director do Serviço de Medicina I do Hospital de Santa Maria

Keywords:

alcoholic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, alcohol consumption

Abstract

A relationship between severe alcohol consumption and dilated
cardiomyopathy has been established for many years. Low levels
of alcohol intake (under 30 g daily) could be considered cardio-protectors. Higher alcohol consumption carry the risk of dilated
cardiomyopathy. The prognosis of patients suffering from alcoholic
dilated cardiomyopathy is better than that of patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy if the alcoholic intake is discontinued.
A comprehensive review of this subject was carried out.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Hunt SA, Baker DW, Chin MH et al. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Eavaluation and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: Executive Summary. Circulation 2001; 104: 2996-3007.

Pearson TA. Alcohol and Heart disease: AHA Scientifi c Statement. Circulation 1996; 94: 3023-3025.

Regan TJ. Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy. In: Zipes DP, Rowlands DJ, eds. Progress in Cardiology. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger 1989:129-134.

Cooper H A, Exner D V, Domanski M J. Light-to-Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Prognosis in Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction.J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 1753-1759.

Urbano-Marquez A, Fah R, Navarro-Lopez G et al. The Effects of Alcoholism on Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle. N Engl J Med 1989; 320:409-415.

Koskinen P, Kupari M, Leinonen H, Luomanmäki K. Alcohol and New Onset Atrial Fibrillation: A Case-Control Study of Current Series. Br Heart J 1987; 57: 468-473.

Agarwal DP. Cardioprotective Effects of Light-Moderate Consumption of Alcohol: A Review of Putative Mechanisms. Alcohol and Alcoholism 2002; 37:409-415.

Berger K, Ajani UA, Kase CS et al. Light to Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Stroke among U.S. Male Physicians. N Engl J Med 1999;

:1557-1564.

Guillo P, Mansourati J, Maheu B et al. Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with alcoholic Cardiomyopathy and Severe Heart Failure After Total Abstinence. Am J Cardiol 1997; 79: 1276-1278.

Fabrizio L, Regan TJ. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 1994; 8: 89-94.

Klatsky AL, Friedman GD, Siegelaud AB. Alcohol Use, Myocardial Infarction, Sudden Cardiac Death, and Hypertension. Alcohol Clin Exp Res

; 3: 33-39.

Pavan D, Nicolosi L, Lestuzzi C, Burelli C, Zardo F, Zanuttini D. Normalization of Variables of Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy After Cessation of Excessive Alcohol Intake: An Echocardiographic Study. Eur Heart J 1987; 8: 535-540.

Klatsky AL, Friedman GD, Siegelaud AB, Gerard MJ. Alcohol consumption and blood pressure. Kaiser – Permanente Multiphasic Health Examination Data. N Engl J Med 1977; 296 (21): 1194-1200.

Kaplan NM. Alcohol and Hypertension. Lancet 1995; 345: 1588-1589.

Molgaard H, Kristensen BO, Baandrup U. Importance of Abstention from Alcohol in Heart Disease. International Journal of Cardiology 1990; 26: 373-375.

Wilhelmsen RA, Wedel H. Separate and combined effects of smoking and alcohol abuse in middle-aged men. Acta Med Scand 1988; 223:111-118.

Lefkowitch JH, Fenoglio JJ. Liver Disease in Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy. Evidence Against Cirrhosis. Hum Pathol 1983; 14: 457-463.

Cheng TO. Alcohol Attacks The Liver But Spares The Heart ( Letter ). Arch Intern Med 1988; 148 (9): 2077.

Estruch R, Fernandez-Solá J, Sacanella E, Pare C, Rubin E, Urbano-Márquez A. Relationship Between Cardiomyopathy and Liver Disease in Chronic Alcoholism. Hepatology 1995; 22: 532-538.

Friedman HS, Fernando H. Ascites as a Marker for the Hyperdynamic Heart of Laennec’s Cirrhosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1992; 16: 968-970.

Darse JR, Heymsfi eld SB, Miklozek CL, Nutter DO. Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy: The Hyperdynamic Unloaded Failing Heart [Abstract]. Circulation 1979; 60: II, 137.

Ahmed SS, Howard M, Hove WT, Leevy CM, Regan TJ. Cardiac Function in Alcoholics with Cirrhosis: absence of overt cardiomyopathy – myth or fact? Am J Cardiol 1984; 54: 852-855.

Urbano – Marquez A, Estruch R, Fernandez – Sola J et al. The greater risk of alcoholic cardiomyopathy and myopathy in women compared with men. JAMA 1995; 274: 149-154.

Fernandez-Sola J, Estruch R, Nicolas JM et al. Comparison of Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy in Women versus Men. Am J Cardiol 1997;80:481-485.

Corrao G, Rubbiati L, Bagnardi V et al. Alcohol and coronary heart disease : a meta-analysis. Addiction 2000; 95: 1505-1523.

De Oliveira E, Silva E.R, Foster D et al. Alcohol consumption raises HDL cholesterol levels by increasing the transport rate of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II. Circulation 2000; 102: 2347-2352.

Van Golge, P.H., Sloots, L.M. Vermeulen, W.P. et al. The role of alcohol in the anti low density lipoprotein oxidation activity of red wine. Atherosclerosis 1999; 147: 365-370.

Grobbee D, Rimm E, Keil U, Reunaud S. Alcohol and the Cardiovascular System. In: Macdonald I, editor. Health Issues Related to Alcohol Consumption: papers compiled by the International Life Sciences Institute, London, 2nd. Ed: Blackwell Science 1999;125-180.

Bell, R. A., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Martin, M.A. et al. Associations between alcohol consumption and insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease risk factors : the Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 1630-1636.

Mahmood I, Loh E. Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy. Up to Date. Online 12.1, 2004

Alexander CS. Cobalt – Beer Cardiomyopathy: A Clinical and Pathological Study of Twenty-eight Cases. Am J Med 1972; 53:395-417.

Guarnieri T, Lakatta EG. Mechanism of Myocardial Contractile Depression by Clinical Concentrations of Ethanol: A Study in Ferret Papillary Muscles. J Clin Invest 1990; 85: 1462-1467.

McKenna CJ et al. Alcohol Consumption and Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Case Control Study. American Heart Journal 1998; 135:

-837.

Schreiber SS, Briden J, Oratz M, Rothschild M. Ethanol, Acetaldehyde and Myocardial Protein Synthesis. J Clin Invest 1972;51:2820-2826.

Puszkin S, Rubin E. Adenosine Diphosphate Effect on Contractility of Human Muscle Actomyosin: Inhibition by Ethanol and Acetaldehyde. Science 1975;188:1319-1320.

Swartz MH, Repke DI, Katz AM et al. Effect of Ethanol on Calcium Binding and Calcium Uptake by Cardiac Microsomes. Biochem Pharmacol

; 23: 2369-2376.

Williams JW, Tada M, Katz AM, et al. Effect of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde on The (Na + K)- Activated Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity of Cardiac Membranes. Biochem Pharmacol 1975; 24: 27-32.

Matthews EC, Gardin JM, Henry WL et al. Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Chronic Alcoholics With and Without Heart Failure. Am J Cardiol 1981;47:570-578.

Fernandez – Sola J, Oriola J et al. Angiotensin- Converting Enzime Gene Polymorphism is associated with vulnerability to Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy. Ann Intern Med 2002; 137: 321-326.

Lazarevic AM, Nakatani S, Neskovic AN et al. Early Changes in Left Ventricular Function in Chronic Asymptomatic Alcoholics: relation to the

Duration of Heavy Drinking. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 1599-1606.

Dancy M., Leech G., Bland J.M., Gaitonde M.K. Preclinical Left Ventricular Abnormalities in Alcoholics are Independent of nutritional Status, Cirrhosis, and Cigarette Smoking. The Lancet 1985; 18: 1122-1125.

Silvestry FE, Popjes E. Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy. www. emedicine.com/med/topic286.htm. Feb 2002.

Regan JJ, Haider B. Ethanol abuse and heart disease. Circulation 1971; 44: 955-958.

Bristow MR, Mestroni L, Bohlmeyer TJ, Gilbert EM. Dilated Cardiomyopathies, In: Fuster V, Alexander W, O’ Rourke R.eds. Hurst’s The Heart ,10th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001: 1947-1956.

Prazak P, Pfi sterer M, Osswald S, Bruser F, Burkart F. Differences of Disease Progression in Congestive Heart Failure due to Alcoholic as Compared to Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. European Heart Journal 1996; 17: 251-257.

Kupari M, Koskinen P, Suocas A, Ventila M. Left Ventricular Filling Impairment in Asymptomatic Chronic Alcoholics. Am J Cardiol 1990;66:1473-1477.

Cerqueira M, Harp George et al. Rarity of preclinical alcoholic cardiomiopathy in chronic alcoholics < 40 years of age. The American Journal of Cardiology 1991; 67: 183- 187.

Regan TJ, Levinson GE, Oldewurtel HA et al. Ventricular Function in Noncardiacs with Alcoholic Fatty Liver: Role of Ethanol in The Production of Cardiomiopathy. J Clin Invest 1969; 48:397-407.

Orlando E, Gennari P, Boari C. Echocardiographic Study of the Left Ventricle in Chronic Alcoholism. Minerva Med 1980; 71: 3235-3239.

Askanas A, Udoshi M, Sadjadi SA. The Heart in Chronic Alcoholism: A Noninvasive Study. Am Heart J 1980; 99: 9-16.

Lazarevic AM, Nakatani S, Neskovic NA et al. Early Changes in Left Ventricular Function in Chronic Asymptomatic Alcoholics: Relation to the Duration of Heavy Drinking. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 1599-1606.

Tsyplenkova VG, Postnov IuV. Diagnostic Value of the endomyocardial biopsy in the Cardiology Therapeutic Clinic. Arkh Patol 1991; 53: 38 -43.

Vecchia LL, Bedogni F et al. Prediction of Recovery after Abstinence in Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy: Role of hemodynamic and Morphometric Parameters. Clin Cardiol. 1996; 19: 45-50.

Regan TJ.Alcohol and the cardiovascular system. JAMA 1990; 264: 377- 381.

Renault A, Mansourati J, Genet L, Blanc JJ. Dilated Cardiomyopathies in Severe Cardiac Failure in Chronic Alcoholic: Clinical Course After Complete Withdrawal. Rev Med Interne 1993; 14 (10): 942.

Nicolas JM, Fernandez-Sola J, Estruch R et al. The Effects of Controlled Drinking in Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 192.

Redfi eld MM, Gersh BJ, Bailey KR, et al: Natural History of Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Effect of Referral Bias and Secular Trend. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22(7): 1921-1926.

Bayliss J, Norell M, Canepa-Anson R, Sutton G, Poole-Wilson P. Untreated Heart Failure: Clinical and Neuroendocrine Effects of Introducing Diuretics. Br Heart J 1987; 57: 17-22.

The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med 1987; 316:1429-1435.

The SOLVD investigators. Effects of enalapril on Survival in Patients with Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Congestive Heart Failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:293-302.

Remme WJ, Swedberg K. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure. Eur Heart J 2001; 22(17): 1527-1560.

Dickstein K, Kjekshus J. Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: the OPTIMAAL randomised trial. Optimal Trial in Myocardial Infarction with Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan. Lancet 2002;360:752-760.

Pitt B, Poole-Wilson A et al. Behalf of the ELITE II investigators. Lancet 2000; 355: 1582-1587.

Pfeffer MA et al. Valsartan in acute myocardial infarction trial investigation. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 1893-1906.

Granger CG,Mc Murray JV,Yusuf S et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM – Alternative trial. Lancet 2003;362:772 - 776

Pfeffer M, Swedberg K et al. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet. 2003;362:759-766.

Packer M, Bristow MR et al. The Effects of Carvedilol on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. US Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. N Engl J Med 1996;94: 334:1349-1355.

MERIT – HF Study Group. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure. Lancet 1999; 353:2001-2007.

Poole-Wilson PA, Swedberg K et al. Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure in the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;362:7-13.

Costalunga A, Gavazzi A. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. Lancet 2001;357:1385-1390.

CIBIS II. The Cardiac Insuffi ciency Bisoprolol Study II : a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 9-13.

Packer M, Coats AJS, Fowler MB. Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. For the Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival Study Group. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1651-1658.

Wang W. Chronic Administration of Aldosterone Depresses Baroreceptor Refl ex in the Dog. Hypertension 1994; 24:571-575.

Staessen J, Lijnen P, Verchueren LJ, Amery A. Rise in Plasma Concentration of Aldosterone During Long-term AngiotensinII Suppression. J Endocrinol 1981;91: 457-465.

Pitt B, Zannad F et al. Effect of aldosterone blockade in patients with systolic left ventricular dysfunction: implications of the RALES and EPHESUS studies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004; 217: 53-58.

Pitt B, Remme W et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003;348: 1309-1321.

Khand AU et al. Systematic Review of the Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Heart Failure. Eur Heart J 2000; 21: 614-632.

Riaz K, Forker AD. Digoxin use in congestive heart failure. Current status. Drugs1998;55:747-758.

Thackray S, Witte K, Clark AL, Cleland JG. Clinical Trials Update: OPTIME- CHF, PRAISE – 2, ALLHAT. Eur J Heart Fail 2000; 2: 209-212.

Jones CG, Cleland JG. Meeting Report – The LIDO, HOPE, MOXCON and WASH studies. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation. The Warfarin / Aspirin Study of Heart Failure. Eur J Heart Fail 1999;1: 301- 302.

Cohn JN, Archibald DG, Phil M et al. Effect of Vasodilator Therapy on Mortality in Chronic Congestive Heart Failure. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperation Study. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1547-1552.

Packer M, O’ Connor CH M et al. PRAISE study group. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1107-1114.

Boden WE, Ziesche S et al. Rationale and design of the third vasodilator-heart failure trial (V-HeFT III): felodipine as adjunctive therapy to enalapril and loop diuretics with or without digoxin in chronic congestive heart failure. V-HeFT III investigators. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:1078-1082.

Fuster V, Gersh BJ, Giuliani ER et al. The Natural History of Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1981; 47: 525-531.

Cleland JG, Cowburn PJ, Falk RH. Should all Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Receive Warfarin? Evidence from Randomized Clinical Trials. Eur Heart J 1996; 17: 674-681.

Cleland JG. Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapy in Heart Failure. Curr Opin Cardiol 1997; 12 : 276-287.

Sammama MM, Cohen AT, Darmon JY et al. A Comparison of Enoxaparin with Placebo for the Prevention of Venous thromboembolism in Acutely ill Medical Patients. Prophylaxis in Medical Patients with Enoxaparin Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 793-800 .

O’ Hagan J, Robinson R, Whiteside E. Alcohol and Drug problems. Handbook for Health Professionals. Wellington: Alcohol Advisory Council 1993.

Ivan H. Stockley. Drug Interactions. 5th edition. Pharmaceutical Press 1999: 212, 213, 342

Additional Files

Published

2004-06-30

How to Cite

1.
Moura Gonçalves A, Correia AM, Menezes Falcão L, Luciano Ravara A. Alcoholic myocardiopathy – the clinical significance and prognosis. RPMI [Internet]. 2004 Jun. 30 [cited 2024 Nov. 5];12(2):89-101. Available from: https://revista.spmi.pt/index.php/rpmi/article/view/1685

Issue

Section

Review Articles