Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning: A Rare Syndrome with Decadal-Like Periodicity?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24950/rspmi/Revisao/96/19/4/2019Keywords:
Dinoflagellida, Marine Toxins, Paralysis; Shellfish Poisoning, Solar ActivityAbstract
Paralytic seafood poisoning is a rare syndrome in Portugal, coinciding with the consumption of bivalves that fed
upon the toxic microalgae Gymnodinium catenatum. It is
mainly characterized by neurological symptoms, such as
paresthesias, incoherent speech, ataxia, dyspnoea, apnoea,
which can culminate in death from respiratory paralysis. To
prevent this syndrome from taking place, periodic monitoring
of paralytic shellfish poisoning biotoxins is mandatory before
bivalves are harvested for commercialization. However, ignorance or disrespect of the harvest bans in force has led to
sporadic poisonings that required hospitalization. For several
decades the occurrence of high contamination levels with
these biotoxins in bivalves of the Iberian Atlantic coast has
occurred in decadal-like intervals. These years of very high
toxicity have coincided with years in which solar activity (derived from the 11-year sunspot cycle) is at its minimum. The
seasonality of this contamination is more severe in the autumn and known hospital admissions have also occurred in
the autumn.
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