Trombólise Intravenosa no Acidente Vascular Cerebral Isquémico Agudo Depois dos 80 Anos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24950/rspmi/original/189/3/2018Palavras-chave:
Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Ativador do Plasminogénio Tecidular, Idoso de 80 anos ou mais, Terapia TrombolíticaResumo
Introdução: A incidência do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) aumenta exponencialmente com a idade, representando a principal causa de morte acima dos 80 anos. A trombólise intravenosa com ativador do plasminogénio tecidular recombinante (IV-rtPA) representa um avanço no tratamento do AVC isquémico e o seu uso no idoso >80 anos foi alvo recente de discussão.
Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo no período de 2010-2015 que incluiu doentes >80 anos com AVC isquémico submetidos a IV-rtPA. Foram analisadas variáveis demográficas, clínicas, ocorrência de transformação hemorrágica e prognóstico. A análise estatística foi realizada com o software SPSS.
Resultados: Incluídos 45 doentes, idade média 84,4 anos e predomínio do sexo feminino (62,2%). Os principais fatores de risco foram a hipertensão arterial (68,9%) e o cardioembolismo (62,2%). Na maioria dos casos, a IV-rtPA foi realizada até às 3 horas (82,2%). Verificou-se transformação hemorrágica em 22,2%, com pior prognóstico aos 3 meses (p = 0,000). A gravidade do AVC e duração de internamento inferiores associaram-se a melhor prognóstico aos 3 meses (p = 0,025 e p = 0,005, respetivamente).
Discussão: Alguns dos resultados obtidos estão de acordo com dados de outros estudos. O aumento da idade está associado a pior prognóstico. A transformação hemorrágica é uma das preocupações da IV-rtPA. A incidência de hipertensão arterial e fibrilhação auricular aumenta com a idade, ambas associadas a maior risco de AVC.
Conclusão: A segurança da IV-rtPA foi demonstrada em vários estudos. A idade não deve ser um critério de exclusão, uma vez que doentes devidamente selecionados podem beneficiar dessa terapêutica.
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