Miocardiopatia alcoólica – significado clínico e prognóstico
Palavras-chave:
miocardiopatia alcoólica, miocardiopatia dilatada, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, disfunção ventricular esquerda, etilismoResumo
O consumo de álcool parece ter um efeito paradoxal sobre o
aparelho cardiovascular. O consumo diário igual ou inferior a 30
gramas poderá ter efeitos protectores. Vários estudos sugerem
diminuição do risco cardiovascular e de mortalidade. A associação
entre consumos superiores de álcool em indivíduos susceptíveis
e a miocardiopatia dilatada, com agravamento ou melhoria do
quadro, consoante a continuação do consumo ou abstinência etanólica, não deixam dúvida quanto à toxicidade para o miocárdio.
É necessário o diagnóstico precoce de miocardiopatia dilatada.
Vários estudos compararam a evolução clínica de doentes com
miocardiopatia dilatada alcoólica e idiopática, verificando-se
melhor prognóstico no primeiro caso, face à eventual reversão
do quadro clínico com a abstinência etanólica. No entanto, aquela
patologia está mal caracterizada. Os autores fazem uma revisão
da miocardiopatia dilatada de etiologia etanólica, destacando a
sua etiopatogenia, semiologia, diagnóstico, terapêutica e prognóstico.
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