Imunologia da Doença por Coronavírus-19 (COVID-19): Uma Perspetiva Para o Clínico, nos Primeiros 4 Meses da Emergência do SARS-CoV-2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24950/rspmi/COVID19/FMUP/S/2020Palavras-chave:
Coronavírus, Infecções por Coronavírus, Imunopatologia, PandemiaResumo
Nos quatro meses desde a emergência duma infeção pandémica por uma nova estirpe altamente patogénica de coronavírus beta em humanos, a COVID-19, assistimos a uma rápida partilha nas plataformas digitais das mais diversas publicações científicas, numa experiência que se vive também pela primeira vez na comunidade internacional. Neste trabalho, fazemos uma revisão descritiva das mais recentes informações sobre a imunobiologia do SARS-CoV-2, focando as hipóteses que suportam uma deficiência nos mecanismos da imunidade inata e adquirida ao vírus, e o contributo de uma resposta imunitária disfuncional na progressão e mortalidade associadas à doença. Com base nessa nova informação, apontamos as principais estratégias imunológicas nas terapêuticas dirigidas ao vírus, à resposta imune disfuncional e à profilaxia da infeção (imunização). O aprofundar do conhecimento sobre as interações patogénio-hospedeiro, abrirá o caminho para identificar as melhores estratégias para o diagnóstico, terapêutica e controlo da COVID-19, bem como para a sua prevenção.
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