The Importance of Emotional Intelligence for the Internist´s Medical Practice in the Future
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24950/Revisao/MJLobao/4/2020Keywords:
Emotional Intelligence, Internal Medicine, Physician- Patient RelationsAbstract
In the near future, technological innovation alongside with population ageing will justify adaptive changes in health systems and in the way we practice medicine, posing many challenges to the specialty of Internal Medicine. Despite the unprecedented ability to prevent, diagnose and treat the disease, the focus on the sick person in its circumstantial context will continue to be central to the care provided. Emotional intelligence, which can be developed throughout life, has been a research subject applied to medicine over the last decades and its impact has been demonstrated in several areas such as the doctor-patient relationship, job satisfaction, patient satisfaction and safety, medical training and healthcare leadership development. This narrative review aims to define and frame emotional intelligence as an important tool for the internist's future clinical practice.
Downloads
References
McKinsey&Company. The future hospital care: a better patient experience [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jul 27]. Available from: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/the-next-normal/hospitals
Vatandsoost M, Litkouhi S. The Future of Healthcare Facilities: How Technology and Medical Advances May Shape Hospitals of the Future. Hosp Pract Res. 2019 ;4:1–11. doi: 10.15171/hpr.2019.01
Beckmann JS, Lew D. Reconciling evidence-based medicine and precision medicine in the era of big data: Challenges and opportunities. Genome Med. 2016;8:134. doi: 10.1186/s13073-016-0388-7.
Terry T. The patient of the future [Internet]. Health Care Design. 2012 [cited 2020 Sep 16]. Available from: https://www.healthcaredesignmagazine.com/architecture/patient-future/
OECD. Society at a Glance 2019, Social Indicators. In Paris: OECD; 2019.
Yaphe J. The future of the patient and the patient of the future. Rev Port Med Geral e Fam. 2016;32:370–1.
Kim E-Y. Patient Will See You Now: The Future of Medicine is in Your Hands. Healthc Inform Res. 2015;21:321. doi:10.4258/hir.2015.21.4.321
Tonelli MR, Shirts BH. Knowledge for precision medicine: Mechanistic reasoning and methodological pluralism. JAMA. 2017;318:1649-50. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.11914.
Blackstone EH. Precision Medicine Versus Evidence-Based Medicine: Individual Treatment Effect Versus Average Treatment Effect. Circulation. 2019;140:1236-38. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043014.
Salovey P, Mayer JD. Emotional Intelligence. J Pers Assess. 1990;54:772-81. doi: 10.1080/00223891.1990.9674037.
Damásio A. O erro de Descartes. Lisboa: Temas&Debates; 2011..
Tomaz C, Giugliano LG. A razão das emoções: um ensaio sobre “O erro de Descartes.” Estud Psicol. 1997;2:407–11.
Bechara A, Damasio H, Damasio AR. Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex. 2000;10:295–307. doi: 10.1093/cercor/10.3.295.
Gallagher M, Chiba AA. The amygdala and emotion. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1996 ;6:221–7. doi: 10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80076-6.
Brosch T, Scherer KR, Grandjean D, Sander D. The impact of emotion on perception, attention, memory, and decision-making. Swiss Med Wkly. 2013 May 14;143:w13786. doi: 10.4414/smw.2013.13786.
Mayer JD. What Is Emotional Intelligence? Contents [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2020 Aug 4]. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/personality_lab
Mayer, John D; Salovey, Peter; Caruso DR. Emotional Intelligence: Theory, Findings, and Implications. Psychol Inq. 2004;15: 197–215. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1503_02
Mayer J, Salovey P. What is emotional intelligence? What is emotional intelligence? In: Salovey P, Sluyter D, editors. Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Implications for Educators. New York: Basic Books;1997. p.3-31.
Mayer JD, Caruso DR, Salovey P. The Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence: Principles and Updates. Emot Rev. 2016;8:290–300. doi: 10.1177/1754073916639667
Goleman D. Inteligência Emocional. 17ª ed. Lisboa: Temas e Debates; 2012.
Goleman D. What makes a leader? Harv Bus Rev. 1998; 76:93–102.
Goleman D. O que é a empatia? In: Empatia. Harvard: Harvard Business Review Press; 2017. p. 125.
Fernandez-Berrocal P, Extremera N. The concept of Emotional Intelligence. Psicothema. 2006;18:7–12.
Satterfield J, Swenson S, Rabow M. Emotional Intelligence in Internal Medicine Residents: Educational Implications for Clinical Performance and Burnout. Ann Behav Sci Med Educ. 2009;14:65–8.
Lewis NJ, Rees CE, Hudson JN, Bleakley A. Emotional intelligence medical education: Measuring the unmeasurable? Adv Heal Sci Educ. 2005;10:339–55. doi: 10.1007/s10459-005-4861-0.
Shouhed D, Beni C, Manguso N, Ishak WW, Gewertz BL. Association of Emotional Intelligence with Malpractice Claims: A Review. JAMA Surg. 2019;154:250-6. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2018.5065.
Weng HC, Chen HC, Chen HJ, Lu K, Hung SY. Doctors’ emotional intelligence and the patient-doctor relationship. Med Educ. 2008;42:703–11. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03039.x.
Weng HC, Hung CM, Liu YT, Cheng YJ, Yen CY, Chang CC, et al. Associations between emotional intelligence and doctor burnout, job satisfaction and patient satisfaction. Med Educ. 2011 ;45:835–42. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.03985.x.
Lindeman B, Petrusa E, McKinley S, Hashimoto DA, Gee D, Smink DS, et al. Association of Burnout With Emotional Intelligence and Personality in Surgical Residents: Can We Predict Who Is Most at Risk? J Surg Educ. 2017;74:e22–30. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2017.11.001.
Holliday EB, Bonner JA, Formenti SC, Hahn SM, Kalnicki S, Liu FF, et al. Emotional Intelligence and Burnout in Academic Radiation Oncology Chairs. J Healthc Manag. 2017;62:302-13. doi: 10.1097/JHM-D-16-00001.
Lin DT, Liebert CA, Tran J, Lau JN, Salles A. Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor of Resident Well-Being. J Am Coll Surg. 2016 Aug;223:352-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.04.044.
Weng HC. Does the physician’s emotional intelligence matter?: Impacts of the physician’s emotional intelligence on the trust, patient-physician relationship, and satisfaction. Health Care Manage Rev. 2008;33:280–8. doi: 10.1097/01.HCM.0000318765.52148.b3.
Weng HC, Steed JF, Yu SW, Liu Y Ten, Hsu CC, Yu TJ, et al. The effect of surgeon empathy and emotional intelligence on patient satisfaction. Adv Heal Sci Educ. 2011;16:591–600. 10.1007/s10459-011-9278-3.
Kozlowski D, Hutchinson M, Hurley J, Rowley J, Sutherland J. The role of emotion in clinical decision making: An integrative literature review. BMC Med Educ. 2017;17:255. doi: 10.1186/s12909-017-1089-7.
Croskerry P, Abbass A, Wu AW. Emotional influences in patient safety. J Patient Saf. 2010;6:199–205. doi: 10.1097/pts.0b013e3181f6c01a.
Isbell LM, Boudreaux ED, Chimowitz H, Liu G, Cyr E, Kimball E. What do emergency department physicians and nurses feel A qualitative study of emotions, triggers, regulation strategies, and effects on patient care. BMJ Qual Saf. 2020;29:1-2. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2019-010179.
Salyers MP, Bonfils KA, Luther L, Firmin RL, White DA, Adams EL, et al. The Relationship Between Professional Burnout and Quality and Safety in Healthcare: A Meta-Analysis. J Gen Intern Med. Gen Intern Med. 2017;32:475-82. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3886-9.
Codier E, Codier D. A model for the role of emotional intelligence in patient safety. Asia-Pacific J Oncol Nurs. 2015;2:112-7. doi: 10.4103/2347-5625.157594.
Mintz LJ, Stoller JK. A Systematic Review of Physician Leadership and Emotional Intelligence. J Grad Med Educ. 2014;6:21–31. doi: 10.4300/JGME-D-13-00012.1.
Libbrecht N, Lievens F, Carette B, Côté S. Emotional intelligence predicts success in medical school. Emotion. 2014 Feb;14:64-73. doi: 10.1037/a0034392.
Emanuel EJ, Gudbranson E. DoesMedicine overemphasize IQ? JAMA. 2018;319:651-2. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.20141.
Shaikh FA, Gilmour J. Emotional intelligence in medical students: Should we be assessing this more vigorously during the admissions process? Korean J Med Educ. 2019;31:177-8. doi: 10.3946/kjme.2019.129.
Ghahramani S, Jahromi ART, Khoshsoroor D, Seifooripour R, Sepehrpoor M. The relationship between emotional intelligence and happiness in medical students. Korean J Med Educ. 2019;31:29-38. doi: 10.3946/kjme.2019.116.
Ghani SA, Salam MA, Oyekwe GC, Choudhury SR. How can educators improve the perception of happiness for pre-clinical medical students? BMC Med Educ. 2020 3;20:291. doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02216-z.
Martins A, Ramalho N, Morin E. A comprehensive meta-analysis of the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and health. Pers Individ Dif. 2010; 49: 554-64. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.029
Croskerry P, Sinclair D. Emergency medicine: A practice prone to error? Can J Emerg Med. 2001;3:271-6. doi: 10.1017/s1481803500005765.
Crock C, Hansen K. Error and safety in Emergency Medicine. Emerg Med Australas. 2019;31:662-4. doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.13348.
Lerner JS, Li Y, Valdesolo P, Kassam KS. Emotion and decision making. Annu Rev Psychol. 2015 Jan 3;66:799-823. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115043.
Satterfield JM, Hughes E. Emotion skills training for medical students: A systematic review. Med Educ. 2007;41:935-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02835.x.
Hodzic S, Scharfen J, Ripoll P, Holling H, Zenasni F. How Efficient Are Emotional Intelligence Trainings: A Meta-Analysis. Emotion Rev. 2018;10:138-48. doi:10.1177/1754073917708613
Mattingly V, Kraiger K. Can emotional intelligence be trained? A meta-analytical investigation. Hum Resour Manag Rev. 2019;29:140–55. doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.03.002
Bellini LM, Shea JA. Mood change and empathy decline persist during three years of internal medicine training. Acad Med. 2005;8:164–7. doi: 10.1097/00001888-200502000-00013.
Neumann M, Edelhäuser F, Tauschel D, Fischer MR, Wirtz M, Woopen C, et al. Empathy decline and its reasons: A systematic review of studies with medical students and residents. Acad Med. 2011;86:996-1009. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e318221e615.
Gorgas DL, Greenberger S, Bahner DP, Way DP. Teaching emotional intelligence: A control group study of a brief educational intervention for emergency medicine residents. West J Emerg Med. 2015;16:899-906. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2015.8.27304.
Kantor BN, Kantor J. Importance of Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence
for Physicians. JAMA. 2018;320:204. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.6282.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2023 Medicina Interna
Open Access
