Prospective Study of Pulmonary Sequelae in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients during the First Phase of the Pandemic in Portugal
Estudo Prospetivo de Sequelas Pulmonares em Doentes Hospitalizados por COVID-19 durante a Primeira Fase da Pandemia em Portugal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24950/rspmi.2365Keywords:
COVID-19/complications, Lung, Portugal, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Respiration DisordersAbstract
Introduction: Current evidence seems to suggest the persistence of long-term multisystemic sequelae in COVID-19 survivors. The evolution of symptoms after the acute phase is still uncertain, as is their real impact.
Methods: This prospective observational study began during the first phase of the pandemic in Portugal and sought to follow patients hospitalized with COVID-19 for two years after discharge, analyzing potential pulmonary sequelae. To date, there have been no similar studies in Portugal.
Results: The study included 36 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between 1 March and 30 June 2020. Dyspnea was found to be the most prevalent and persistent respiratory symptom during follow-up. Regarding computed tomography changes, the most frequently described were ground glass and fibrotic changes, with improvement over one year of follow-up less evident in the case of fibrotic changes. Of particular note was the diagnosis of a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with COVID-19, a rare entity, but one that has already been described in the literature. Changes in echocardiograms or respiratory function tests were rarely documented.
Conclusion: Given the small sample size, further prospective studies will be needed to clarify. The results reflect the difficulties encountered in carrying out research during the pandemic period, which conditioned the design and realization of the study, but which will certainly serve as an example and support in similar crises in the future.
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