Pneumonias nosocomiais – Estudo retrospectivo
Palavras-chave:
Pneumonia nosocomial, pneumonia associada a cuidados de saúde, microrganismos multi-resistentes, pneumonia hospitalar, pneumonia associada a ventilação invasivaResumo
As Pneumonias Nosocomiais (PN) são a segunda Infecção Nosocomial mais frequente. A definição, em cada realidade local, de
factores de risco para microrganismos multi-resistentes (MMR) é
fundamental para a decisão de antibioterapia empírica adequada.
Os autores apresentam um estudo retrospectivo baseado na
revisão de processos clínicos de casos de PN no período de 1
ano. Identificados 168 casos (73,8% Pneumonias Associadas a
Cuidados de Saúde – PACS -, 22,6% Pneumonias Hospitalares –
PH - e 3,6% Pneumonias Associadas à Ventilação Invasiva – PAVI).
Prescrita antibioterapia empírica com esquemas “da comunidade”
em 69,6% dos casos, com necessidade de alterar a antibioterapia
inicial em 36,7% destes. Identificado agente etiológico em 43,4%
dos doentes investigados, com rentabilidade de 38.9% para as
secreções respiratórias. O microrganismo mais prevalente foi
o Staphylococcus aureus, sendo que as estirpes resistentes à
meticilina representaram 13,9% de todas as PN com investigação
etiológica. As PACS por internamento nos últimos 90 dias e a PH
tardia parecem associar-se a maior risco de MMR. A mortalidade
aos 30 dias após a alta foi de 46%. Este estudo tem a limitação de
ser retrospectivo e serviu de ponto de partida para um protocolo
de investigação prospectiva que está em curso.
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