Ferropenia no Doente com Insuficiência Cardíaca: Abordagem Racional a uma Problemática Prevalente
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24950/rspmi/Revisao/125/18/2/2019Palavras-chave:
Anemia Ferropénica, Compostos Férricos, Insuficiência CardíacaResumo
A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) constitui uma verdadeira epidemia do século XXI, ocorrendo tão mais frequentemente quanto mais envelhecida a população. Esta síndrome
é a principal causa de hospitalização e reinternamento na
prática clínica hospitalar atual, traduzindo-se em elevados
custos em saúde. Como tal, o tratamento da IC e das suas
respetivas comorbilidades são fundamentais para mitigar
o seu impacto. Nos últimos anos demonstrou-se que a ferropenia, uma comorbilidade presente em pelo menos 30%
dos doentes, associa-se a maior carga sintomática e maior
morbilidade e mortalidade na IC, constituindo um potencial
alvo terapêutico. Relativamente a estes achados, este documento pretende abordar os seguintes pontos:
1. Breve revisão dos principais estudos sobre a correção
da ferropenia nesta população, salientando os resultados
nulos do ferro oral (IRONOUT HF) e os benefícios do ferro
endovenoso (EV), nomeadamente da carboximaltose férrica (FAIR-HF, CONFIRM-HF e EFFECT-HF), quer do ponto de
vista da melhoria sintomática quer da potencial redução de
hospitalizações por IC;
2. Proposta de um algoritmo terapêutico de correção da
ferropenia na IC, tendo por base a selecção adequada e
racional dos doentes que potencialmente podem beneficiar
de tal intervenção;
3. Homogeneização e padronização da terapêutica com
ferro EV consoante a fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda,
sintomatologia e concentração de hemoglobina; e
4. Discussão dos principais efeitos adversos desta terapêutica e atuais lacunas no conhecimento. A abordagem
algorítmica da ferropenia com base na evidência disponível
pode facilitar a seleção de potenciais candidatos à terapêutica com ferro EV e evitar o seu uso quando não indicada.
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