Avaliação da Massa Muscular e Suporte Nutricional no Doente Crítico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24950/rspmi.2022.01.220Palavras-chave:
Cuidados Intensivos, Doente Crítico, Músculo Esquelético, Suporte Nutricional, UltrassonografiaResumo
Introdução: A perda de massa muscular é um problema cada vez mais prevalente em doentes críticos, estando fortemente relacionada com o seu prognóstico e com a qualidade de vida após a saída da unidade de cuidados intensivos. Pretendeu-se com este estudo avaliar a perda da massa muscular nos primeiros cinco dias de internamento, e se existia uma correlação entre esta e o suporte nutricional fornecido aos doentes.
Métodos: Estudo prospetivo observacional entre janeiro e março de 2020 num serviço de cuidados intensivos. No dia de admissão e no quinto dia de internamento procedeu-se à avaliação ecográfica da espessura da massa muscular do bíceps braquial e do quadríceps femoral. Durante o período de cinco dias também se analisou o suporte nutricional energético e proteico.
Resultados: Avaliaram-se 35 doentes com idade média de 64±15 anos, maioritariamente do género masculino (62,9%). A espessura da massa muscular foi avaliada com recurso à ecografia, tendo-se obtido uma perda de 1,77 mm na espessura do bíceps braquial e 2,19 mm no quadríceps femoral. Os doentes receberam um suporte nutricional correspondente a 20,00% das suas necessidades proteicas e 24,94% das suas necessidades energéticas estimadas.
Conclusão: É possível avaliar de forma rápida, objectiva e não invasiva a massa muscular do doente crítico e verificou-se a perda significativa de massa muscular na fase inicial do internamento. O suporte nutricional fornecido foi consideravelmente inferior às recomendações.
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Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
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