Testes cutâneos no estudo de alergias: Estado de arte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24950/rspmi.997Palavras-chave:
Alergia, Testes cutâneos de alergia, IgE específicaResumo
As doenças alérgicas constituem um problema crescente na
sociedade atual. A sua prevalência tem vindo a aumentar e
estima-se que cerca de 20% da população sofra de rinite alérgica,
asma ou eczema. Quando um doente apresenta sintomas consistentes com alergia, o médico tem de saber identificar se existe
um mecanismo alérgico subjacente, qual o teste a realizar mais
apropriado e quais são os alergénios envolvidos nesse mesmo
processo. O diagnóstico das doenças alérgicas IgE mediadas
é confirmado com os testes cutâneos e/ou a medição das IgE
específicas no soro. Quando os testes cutâneos são realizados,
é fundamental o uso de extratos alergénicos padronizados, ter
sempre um controlo positivo e um controlo negativo, aplicar os
critérios de positividade e integrar sempre os resultados com base
na história clínica. É por isso de extrema importância treinar os
técnicos/clínicos na realização desta técnica para que esta seja
realizada de forma correta. Quando os testes são realizados
com rigor, são o método de escolha na confirmação de uma
sensibilização alérgica.
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